Translated from French
The next time you see a lost soul defending economic socialism or communism as a model of virtue, share this post with them. It might prevent another slaughter.
“We’ve never really tried true communism.”
Yes, we have. We tried. About twenty times. On four continents. For a century. And we have the numbers.
China, Great Leap Forward (1958–1962). Independent historians who’ve accessed provincial archives converge on a range of 30 to 45 million deaths. Frank Dikötter (University of Hong Kong), drawing from CCP archives, tallies 45 million, including 2.5 million beaten to death or executed by the militia. Yang Jisheng, former Xinhua agency journalist, after ten years of investigation, counts 36 million in Tombstone. Chinese historian Yu Xiguang, after twenty years of research, reaches 55 million. To put it in scale: that’s the total deaths of World War II, concentrated over four years, in a single country, without war.
USSR. Holodomor 1932–1933, planned famine in Ukraine, recognized as genocide by the European Parliament on December 15, 2022. Gulag, Great Purges 1936–1938, forced displacements of entire populations. The tally in The Black Book of Communism comes to around 20 million deaths for the entire period.
Cambodia, Pol Pot. About 2 million deaths in under four years, nearly a quarter of the population. S-21, Choeung Ek, forced evacuation of cities in a matter of days.
North Korea, Vietnam, Eastern Europe, communist Africa, Latin America. Several more million piled up.
Global tally from The Black Book of Communism: about 100 million deaths. Figure echoed in 2006 by Resolution 1481 of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and in 2023 by a resolution in the European Parliament. You can debate the margin—80, 90, 100 million depending on methodologies—but as Laurent Joffrin wrote in Libération, hardly suspected of pandering to the right: at 60 million instead of 100, would communism become presentable?
And the “gentle” counter-example? Venezuela. No gulags, no planned famine. Just the methodical application of the program. Result over ten years: GDP contracted by over 75% between 2014 and 2021—the largest economic contraction in peacetime in 45 years, according to the Institute of International Finance. Annual inflation of 130,060% in 2018 according to the Central Bank of Venezuela itself, exceeding 1,000,000% the same year per the IMF. Nearly 8 million people—about 25% of the population—fled the country. The largest exodus in the history of the Western Hemisphere over the last 50 years, according to the OAS and UNHCR. In 2024, 82% of Venezuelans lived in poverty, with 53% in extreme poverty.
Zero exceptions. Zero counter-examples.
Every time, the same mechanism. A self-proclaimed virtuous caste seizes power in the name of the people, and ends up as a nomenklatura holed up in dachas while 99% of the population queues for bread. When Maduro handed out his CLAPs—militarized rationed food boxes—it was the same logic as Brezhnev in the nomenklatura’s reserved stores, sixty years later, under a different flag.
Hayek predicted it all in 1944, in The Road to Serfdom. And Mises even earlier, in 1920, with the economic calculation problem: when you replace market prices with central planning, you destroy the only mechanism capable of aggregating the dispersed information in millions of heads. So you need an authority to decide for everyone. That authority can’t know what it claims to plan, so it imposes by force. And since it always fails—see Venezuela, which followed the sequence to the letter: price controls via the 2014 Fair Prices Act, then nationalizations, then hyperinflation, then militarized rationing—it has to coerce harder and harder just to survive.
Tyranny isn’t a derailment of socialism. It’s its logical equilibrium.
Market capitalism isn’t perfect. It’s just the only system known in history where millions of strangers cooperate without an armed caste forcing them to.
The dead of Kolyma, the Laogai, S-21, and the streets of Caracas ask you not to start over.
I love being wrong—it lets me learn. If you think I’m off on a specific point, tell me in the comments; I read everything.
Translated from French
Unfortunately, we have entire generations that no longer read anything. How will they be able to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past? If one day ChatGPT tells them that communism was good, they’ll believe it.
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